A Research Study About Maunalua Bay - 1113 Words

2. Study region 2.1 Site details Maunalua Bay is an 8 km embayment located on the island of OÊ »ahu, HawaiÊ »i, with three primary regions of groundwater discharge: Black Point, Kawaikui, and Wailupe (Richardson et al., 2015). Two of these groundwater-influenced coastal locations, Black Point and Wailupe, were considered for this study (Figure 1). Three sites (a, ‘high GW’; b, ‘intermediate GW’; and c, ‘low GW’ zones) that spanned a salinity gradient were monitored from each reef. Site A at Black Point was approximately 5 m offshore of the dominant groundwater submarine spring while site A at Wailupe was situated within 2 m of the dominant groundwater seep. These seeps are roughly 0.5 m in diameter and thought to be fed by preferential flow of†¦show more content†¦However, the groundwater endmembers are not uniform between the two locations as groundwater discharging at Black Point originates from an entirely separate aquifer than groundwater discharging at Wailupe. Previous studies have found marked differences in their respective nutrient compositions. (Ganguli et al., 2014, Swarzenski et al., 2014, Richardson et al., 2015). 2.2 Benthic structure Sand, rubble, and macroalgae dominate benthic cover at sites A and B at Black Point. Seasonal blooms of green macroalgae, Bryopsis pennata, which persisted in the water column and benthos at all sites, were occurring during our Black Point sampling event. Coral cover is highest along the outer perimeter of the reef flat (i.e., site C). Benthic cover at Wailupe is dominated by macroalgae with percent cover ranging from 30 - 50% on average (Amato, 2015). Sand and rubble constitute nearly 20 - 50% of the benthos at all sites. Corals are found predominantly offshore with cover estimated as 2 - 5% at site C while zoanthid cover peaks in the nearshore sites at 2 - 12% (Amato, 2015). 3. Methods 3.1 Long-term instrument deployments A portable NaI(TI) scintillation detector, or ‘GW Sniffer’ (Alpha Spectra, Inc.) was used to measure 222Rn in water over one hour integrated time periods using methods by Dulai et al. (2015). The GW Sniffer was encased in a steel house frame and deployed over a period of thirty days at Black Point (August 2015) and twenty five days at Wailupe (September 2015).

Understand the Potential Effects of Transitions on...

Unit 201 Child and young person development Outcome 3: Understand the potential effects of transitions on children and young people 3.1 Identify the transitions experienced by most children and young people 3.3 Describe with examples how transitions may affect children and young people’s behaviour and development Under each heading, explain how each aspect may impact on a child’s behaviour development, giving examples. †¢ Puberty: Puberty is a major transition that all children at some point, will have to go through. It can be a difficult time for both sexes emotionally, socially and physically. Behaviour will change and so will their physical appearance, which may cause them to feel insecure, especially if they are†¦show more content†¦Either way, starting school is a huge transition in a Childs life. There are many new changes in their daily routine that they have to adapt to, such as mixing with a larger group of children, many of whom they won’t have met before. They will be expected to be more independent and do things for themselves, which can worry some children. Emotionally, not all children cope very well with the transition. I remember child K being very upset and anxious about being left in the mornings and would cling frantically to their parent to prevent them for leaving. Every morning they would have to be taken by the teacher to go and help with something so the parent could lea ve. The child would usually settle down and be fine for the rest of the day until home time, when they would cry again when they saw their parent. This continued on and off for the whole of the reception year. Tiredness is another factor that causes children to seem emotionally distraught. Having to cope with full days at school, and the amount of concentration that they have to give is a lot for some children, and they tend to act up, having temper outbursts and emotional upsets. They can start arguing with their friends and refuse to do activities just because they are tired and it all seems too much. By the end of their first year, most children are usually quite happy and confident and ready to move to their new class. †¢ Moving class or school When a child moves up a year, theyShow MoreRelatedUnderstand the Potential Effect of Transitions on Children and Young People’s Development.1181 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstand the potential effect of transitions on children and young people’s development. Through out our lives we are confronted by changes. People, places and even our own bodies change. We are faced by ongoing periods of transition as things alter from how they were to how they are now. Transitions can positively or negatively impact on children and young people’s development depending on how they are supported and the change is managed. 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Nuremberg Trials Essay Example For Students

Nuremberg Trials Essay After World War II, numerous war-crimes trials tried and convicted many Axis leaders. Judges from Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States tried twenty-two Nazi leaders for: crimes against humanity (mostly about the Holocaust), violating long-established rules of war, and waging aggressive war. This was known as the Nuremberg Trials. Late in 1946, the German defendants were indicted and arraigned before a war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg. Twenty of the defendants were physicians who, as governmental, military, or SS officials, stood at or near the top of the medical hierarchy of the Third Reich. The other three occupied administrative positions which brought them into close connection with medical affairs. It all started when people started hearing about the Nazis in human acts, just about four months after World War II started. No one would believe that such a thing would happen. While the people were thinking like that the Jews were being shipped out of the country. Some of them were put in working camps or at a persons farm. This was the beginning of the Final Solution of the Germans Problem (the Holocaust). On August 8 the Four Power nation signed the London Agreement. They later named it the International Military Tribunal (IMT), it had 8 judges, one judge and one alternate. This was made so that they would try to stop the Nazi crimes (Rice Jr. 81). They had supplementary Nuremberg hearings that were broken down into twelve trials. In connection with these trials, the U.S. military tribunals had thirty-five defendants and released nineteen of them because they could find anything to get them on (Rice Jr. 76). They made Nuremberg Laws because of Hitlers concentration camps and his other inhuman acts (Rice Jr. 31). He didnt go by the lead system, he made himself the Supreme Judge. Hitler could imprison or execute anyone he wanted to. He made laws keeping Jews out of certain public places or jobs. He wouldnt let Jews have German citizenship. The Nuremberg Laws stated that there would be no more inhuman acts or segregation of Jews. One of the positive sides of the Nuremberg incident was the trials documented Nazi crimes for posterity. Many citizens of the world remember hearing about the Nazis brutalities and inhuman acts (Rice Jr., 5). Hundreds of official Nazi documents entered into evid ence at Nuremberg tell the horrible tale of the Third Reich in the Nazis own words. Six million Jews, and others not liked by the Nazis were killed. Not one convicted Nazi denied that the mass killing had occurred. Each disclaimed only personal knowledge and responsibility. The negative things that happened at Nuremberg were the establishment of the I.M.T. has yet to lead to a permanent counterpart before which crimes against humanity can be tried. Twenty-four wars between nations and ninety-three civil wars or insurgencies between 1945 and 1992, no international body had been convened to try aggressor nations or individuals accused of war crimes. To prosecute and punish aggression rest still on the wavering will of an international community ever reluctant to impose sanctions on offending governments (Rice Jr. 100). Despite the reluctance of nations to unite in common cause and move swiftly toward a lasting road to aggression, hope yes abides for the best of Nurembergs brightest pr omise. The world had a problem of what to do about the Nazi regime that had presided over the extermination of some six million Jews and deaths of millions of others with no basis in military necessity. Never before in history had the victors tried the vanquished for crimes committed during a war (Rice Jr., 97). Yet never in history had the vanquished perpetrated crimes of such inhumanity. The I.M.T., like the courts in many countries, have held to the principle that persons committing a criminal violation of international law are responsible for violation, on the grounds that crimes of this nature are the result of their own acts (Rice 1492). The tribunal thought for crimes carried out on orders from above, since many of the crimes had been committed in one with the Reich policy (Rice 1493). The portion of the I.M.T. judgment dealing with war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the defendants in the trial and by the criminal organizations concerns, in large measure, the persecution and murder of the Jewish people. In its analysis of these crimes, the I.M.T. found it appropriate to single out the persecution of the Jews as a manifestation of consistent and systematic in humanity on a huge scale (Rice 1493). The testimony given at the Nuremberg Trial, the document presented by the prosecution, and the entire record of its proceedings constitute an incomparable source for the study of the Holocaust. The Nuremberg debates may continue for decades. But because of the tribunals rulings at Nuremberg, the initiating and waging of aggressive war is now irrefutably criminal under international law. And that in itself is not a bad legacy. .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 , .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 .postImageUrl , .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 , .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5:hover , .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5:visited , .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5:active { border:0!important; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5:active , .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5 .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua954e3884a4b71b6ca88b289161237e5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Taoism 3 Essay Category: European History